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The Great Wall — the most grandiose defensive works on Earth
The Great Wall represents a chain of the defensive works stretched through Northern China from the Liaodong Bay of the Yellow Sea to Gobi Desert sand. Length of the Chinese wall on a straight line, from edge to edge makes 2450 km and if to consider all bends and branches, that, by different estimates, turns out from 6000 to 8850 km. The Great Wall in Kitayenaiboley the wall sites visited by tourists — Badalin and Ximatais — pass in vicinities of Beijing. This grandiose fortification construction is the most recognizable symbol of China. The inscription made by Mao Zedong at an entrance on the reconstructed part of a monument says: "If you didn't visit the Great wall, you — not the real Chinese". In imagination of Chinese twisting stone fortress the outlines reminds the flying-up dragon that promotes transformation of the Chinese wall into a national symbol.
Building of the millennium
The idea of creation of the Great Wall is attributed to the emperor Qin Shihuangdi. It united the separate kingdoms conflicting among themselves, having established individual domination in the territory of China. As governors of small kingdoms there are a lot of centuries (475 — 221 BC) were at war with each other, they the first started building defensive works. And though the dictator Qin Shihuangdi wiped out borders of the states, their walls remained, and then he conceived building of the millennium. On the emperor's plan, the Great Wall had to designate accurately borders of the Chinese civilization, strengthen the won unity and protect China from attacks of nomads from the North. The construction begun in 210 BC with small breaks proceeded up to the end of board of a dynasty of Min, that is till 1640th years. At this time the Chinese wall got modern look by reconstruction — the raw stone boulders on some sites replaced with bricks and stone plates.
The Chinese wall — pride of ancient China
Winding between mountains and valleys, the Great Wall was stretched more than on 6000 km. According to the legend, such distance was run by a winged horse of the emperor Shihuangdi in one day. The Great Wall in Kitayev those places where the horse struck with a hoof about the earth, there were watchtowers. Actually, towers were under construction through identical intervals; each of them equaled to two flights of the arrow which is let out from onions. Thus, Chinese could be exposed to fire on any site of a wall that ensured good safety of border. Also garrison and alarm towers from which in case of attack sent warning signals by means of fire or a drumbeat were established. News of invasion of the enemy since one end of a wall could be transferred all to another in days! Average height of a wall reached 7,8 meters, and its width allowed to march in a row to five infantrymen or to jump to five horse riders in a rank.
«Стена на костях» Невозможно подсчитать, сколько людей погибло, возводя Великую китайскую стену. Китайцы говорят: «Каждый камень в стене — это чья-то жизнь». На легендарной стройке трудилось около 1 млн. человек. Провинившихся рабочих казнили на месте, а их тела зарывали в основание земляного вала. Многими годами позже археологи не раз обнаруживали здесь человеческие останки. Возможно, леденящие душу находки породили легенду о том, будто бы придворный колдун предсказал Шихуанди, что Великая китайская стена будет закончена только тогда, когда под ней будут погребены 10000 жителей Поднебесной или погибнет один человек по имени Ван. Тогда император приказал найти мужчину с таким именем, убить его и замуровать в стене. Такая же участь постигла китайцев, умерших на стройке от истощения. Их хоронили в вертикальном положении под стеной. Существует поверье, что если приложить ухо к стене, то можно услышать жалобные стоны и плач людей, погибших на стройке.